Transparency is vital to the operation of justice systems in a democracy.
Tribunal policies reflect how tribunals interpret and apply statutory, common/civil and constitutional law. They provide tribunal members, staff, parties, representatives and the public with guidance and explanations of how the tribunal does its work.
There are hundreds of tribunals across Canada, and thousands of tribunal policy instruments. Most policy instruments are specific to the statutory mandate of an individual tribunal, making them of limited interest for other tribunals.
The purpose of this repository is to identify those policy instruments that are generic enough to be adapted and used by other tribunals. The aim is to use our collective wisdom to work more effectively, by not duplicating efforts in the development of policies. It is also to improve administrative justice by making it easy for tribunals to improve and build on work that others have already done.
We have used the following criteria to include policies in this repository:
The repository is curated. There is an element of subjectivity in the selection. There are likely policies we have missed. We want this to be a living document. If you think there is a policy that meets the criteria above, and that should be included, please let us know by sending a message to CCAT at: info@ccat-ctac.org
Policies relating to scheduling, postponement and adjournment, expedited processes, virtual hearings, disclosure and will-say documents, post-hearing submissions and evidence, transcripts and hearing recordings, etc.
| Tribunal | Policy Link | Description |
| Appeals Commission for Alberta Workers’ Compensation | Adjournment Requests | Sets out specific factors to be considered in deciding adjournment requests |
| Bureau des présidents des conseils de discipline | Audiences à distance | Express statement that virtual hearings can proceed without consent of the parties, as long as the tribunal and the parties have the technological means. |
| Comité de déontologie policière | Guide du participant pour la tenue d’une audience à distance | Detailed and user-friendly guide for participation in virtual hearings |
| Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (Tribunals Ontario)
Tribunal des droits de la personne de l’Ontario (Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario) |
Practice Direction on Requests to Expedite and Requests for an Interim Remedy
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Criteria regarding how the tribunal deals with requests to speed up proceedings or to grant interim remedies. The approach resembles interim injunctions in civil proceedings. |
| Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (Tribunals Ontario)
Tribunal des droits de la personne de l’Ontario (Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario) |
Practice Direction on Scheduling of Hearings and Mediations, Rescheduling Requests, and Requests for Adjournments
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Tribunal sets the date and is liberal with rescheduling requests, but strict with adjournments once the date is fixed. |
| Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (Tribunals Ontario)
Tribunal des droits de la personne de l’Ontario (Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario) |
Practice Direction on Recording Hearings
Directive de pratique relative à l’enregistrement des audiences |
The HRTO does not generally record hearings. The practice direction discusses why and when exceptions are made. |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Guideline 6 – Scheduling and Changing the Date or Time of a Proceeding
Directives no 6 – Mise au rôle et changement de la date ou de l’heure d’une procédure |
Sets out priorities for scheduling cases. Includes provisions for dealing with counsel who have taken on too many cases to be able to schedule efficiently. |
| Landlord and Tenant Board (Tribunals Ontario)
Commission de la location immobilière (Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario) |
Practice Direction on Case Management Hearings
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Includes authority for tribunal staff (who are not adjudicators) to conduct case management hearings and issue procedural orders. |
| Law Society Tribunal Ontario
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Practice Direction on Adjournment Requests
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Sets out specific factors to be considered in deciding adjournment requests |
| Régie des alcools, des courses et des jeux | Conférence préparatoire | Detailed guide to pre-hearing conferences |
| Régie des alcools, des courses et des jeux | Guide des meilleures pratiques – règles et décorum | Detailed guide to virtual hearings, including conduct expected of participants |
| Social Benefits Tribunal (Tribunals Ontario)
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Practice Direction on Interim Assistance
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Criteria for deciding entitlement to interim remedies |
| Tribunal administratif du Québec | Demande de remise | Sets out specific factors to be considered in deciding adjournment requests |
| Tribunal administratif du Québec | Utilisation des technologies de l’information en audience | Detailed policy on use of electronic devices in hearings, including recording of hearings |
| Tribunals Ontario
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Updated Practice Direction on Hearing Formats
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Sets electronic (written, telephone and video) hearings as the default form of hearing for Tribunals Ontario, with in-person hearings as the exception. |
Policies relating to the conduct of Charter cases, or cases where there is an allegation of a violation of a human rights statute
Policies relating to ADR, mediation, arbitration, pre-hearing and/or case conferences etc.
| Tribunal | Policy Link | Description |
| Alberta Surface Rights Board | Dispute Resolution Conference | Plain language explanation of dispute resolution process. |
| British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal | Policy Respecting Mediation by Presiding Member | Allows for mediation by the member who will hear the case if there is no settlement. |
| British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal | Mediation Policy | Detailed policy that sets out a trauma-informed approach to dispute resolution, and provides for the option of indigenous traditions and dispute resolution approaches to be included in the process. Sets standards of conduct for all participants. |
| Manitoba Automobile Injury Compensation Appeal Commission | Mediation | Plain language description of the mediation process. |
| Régie des alcools, des courses et des jeux | Médiation | Detailed guide, which includes the tribunal’s practice of issuing a decision once the case is settled. |
| Tribunal administratif du logement | Conciliation locateur/locataire | Parties can opt to have their settlement registered with the tribunal, in which case it is public and has the force of a decision. |
| Tribunal administratif du Québec | Conciliation | Plain language explanation of conciliation process. |
Policies relating to active adjudication, order of proceeding, summary hearings, expert evidence, abandonment, failure to attend, proceeding in absence of parties, hearings with multi-member panels, etc.
Policies relating to a tribunal’s power to reconsider a decision
| Tribunal | Policy Link | Description |
| Health Professions Appeal and Review Board Commission d’appel et de révision des professions de la santé |
Reconsideration of Board Decisions Réexamen des decisions de la Commission |
The tribunal may reconsider a decision order at the request of a party, or of its own initiative. It is not required to notify parties before it reconsiders a decision or order |
| Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (Tribunals Ontario) Tribunal des droits de la personne de l’Ontario (Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario) |
Practice Direction on Reconsideration | Sets out criteria regarding when the tribunal will not reconsider a decision. |
| Landlord and Tenant Board (Tribunals Ontario) Commission de la location immobilière (Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario) |
Guideline 8: Review of an Order | Includes guidance on tribunal review for a “serious error” in an order or a proceeding, or for the inability of a party to reasonably participate in a proceeding. |
| Social Benefits Tribunal (Tribunals Ontario) Tribunal de l’aide sociale (Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario) |
Practice Direction on Reconsideration Requests | Generally excludes reconsideration of interim assistance decisions; sets criteria for reconsideration; allows for reconsideration hearings. |
| Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal (Ontario) Tribunal d’appel de la sécurité professionnelle et de l’assurance contre les accidents du travail (Ontario) |
Reconsiderations | Practice Direction on reconsideration of tribunal decisions, includes a rule that the tribunal will generally not reconsider final decisions where the request for reconsideration is made more than 6 months after the decision. Tribunal will not seek submissions from other parties if the reconsideration request has no reasonable prospect of success. |
Policies relating to court-ordered rehearings, tribunal interventions in judicial review, etc.
| Tribunal | Policy Link | Description |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Policy on Court-Ordered Redeterminations Politique concernant les nouveaux examens sur ordonnance de la cour |
Sets out procedure where a case has been sent back to the tribunal for redetermination after judicial review. This includes assignment of the decision-maker to redetermine the case, as well as the content of the hearing file on redetermination. |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Policy on Higher Court Interventions
Politique sur les interventions devant les cours supérieures |
Sets out criteria for the tribunal to apply to intervene in court proceedings. |
Policies relating to the tribunal`s compliance with common law or statutory obligations to ensure that its processes are accessible.
Policies relating to the tribunal’s provision of services in one of Canada’s official languages, and interpretation of languages
| Tribunal | Policy Link | Description |
| Condominium Authority Tribunal (Ontario) Tribunal de l’autorité du secteur des condominiums (Ontario) |
French Language Services Policy Politique sur les services en français |
Sets out the tribunal’s policies for use of official languages, although the tribunal is not subject to the French Language Services Act. In certain circumstances the tribunal may translate documents for the parties. |
| Health Professions Appeal and Review Board Commission d’appel et de révision des professions de la santé |
French Language Services and Proceedings Services et délibérations en francais |
The Board’s practice direction on providing services in French, complying with the French Language Services Act. The practice direction is a different way to address this issue, compared to the Tribunals Ontario version below. |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Policy Statement on Official Languages and the Principle of the Substantive Equality of English and French Énoncé de politique sur les langues officielles et le principe de l’égalité réelle du français et de l’anglais |
Identifies language rights as substantive rights under the Official Languages Act and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Sets out the tribunal’s policy of treating substantive rights independently of considerations of procedural fairness. |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Code of Conduct for Interpreters
Complaints Concerning Interpretation |
These documents set out requirements of competence, impartiality and integrity for interpreters in tribunal proceedings. There is a process for handling complaints about the quality of interpretation in tribunal proceedings. |
| Régie des marchés agricoles et alimentaires | Politique linguistique | Sets out the tribunal’s policy it follows in complying with the Charte de la langue française. |
| Tribunals Ontario Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario |
French Language Services Policy | Sets out the policy Tribunals Ontario will follow in complying with Ontario`s French Language Services Act. |
Policies relating to licenced vs unlicenced representatives, support persons, tribunal complaints to regulators regarding conduct of a licenced professional, litigation guardians, designated representatives etc.
| Tribunal | Policy Link | Description |
| Appeals Commission for Alberta Workers’ Compensation | Standards of Behavior for Representatives and Participants | Practice guideline explaining the expectations and standards of conduct for appeal participants and representatives, as well as how the Commission will deal with unacceptable conduct |
| Health Professions Appeal and Review Board
Commission d’appel et de révision des professions de la santé |
Who can represent you before the Board? | Practice direction explaining in plain language who may represent an appellant before the Board, including which representatives must be licenced |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Policy on Disclosing Information Regarding the Conduct of Authorized Representatives to Regulatory Bodies | Sets out a process and criteria for the tribunal to report concerns about the conduct of representatives to their regulatory bodies. |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Policy for Handling IRB Complaints Regarding Unauthorized, Paid Representatives Politique de traitement des plaintes présentées par la CISR contre les représentants rémunérés non autorisés |
Sets out a process and criteria for the tribunal to deal with complaints regarding unauthorized representatives who are charging a fee to clients who have proceedings before the tribunal. |
| Tribunal administratif du logement | Personnes visées par la representation à l’audience | Représentation expliquée par référence à un tableau, y compris les catégories de personnes pouvant assister à l’audience et les formulaires requis pour inclure ces représentants / personnes de soutien |
| Tribunals Ontario | Practice Direction on Representation before Tribunals Ontario
Directive de pratique sur la représentation devant Tribunaux de justice sociale Ontario |
Practice direction explaining what the various tribunals under the Tribunal Ontario banner expect of parties, and what parties can expect with respect to representative and support persons |
| Tribunals Ontario | Practice Direction on Litigation Guardians before Tribunals Ontario | Practice direction explaining how the various tribunals under the Tribunal Ontario banner address minors, mental capacity, litigation guardians, and conflicts with another person’s decision making authority |
Policies relating to interveners, third parties and cases where a party is deceased
| Tribunal | Policy Link | Description |
| Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal (Ontario)
Tribunal d’appel de la sécurité professionnelle et de l’assurance contre les accidents du travail (Ontario) |
Appeals Involving Deceased Workers | Sets out procedure where application is brought by the estate of a deceased party, including where the party has died intestate. |
Policies relating to assessment and/or requests for damages, costs of litigation, fees to access tribunal services and waivers where fee payment is a hardship
Policies relating to reasons writing, reasons review, deliberative secrecy, Consolidated Bathurst, jurisprudential guides and lead case policy, guidelines etc.
| Tribunal | Policy Link | Description |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Reasons Review Policy | Sets out the tribunal’s objectives of reasons review, and the voluntary nature of review of decision-maker reasons by the tribunal’s legal services. |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Policy on the Use of Chairperson’s Guidelines | Sets out how the tribunal uses its statutory power to issue guidelines to decision-makers and staff. |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Policy on the Use of Jurisprudential Guides | Sets out how the tribunal uses its statutory power to designate certain tribunal decisions as jurisprudential guides for decision-makers. |
| Social Security Tribunal of Canada | Style guide : Social Security Tribunal of Canada decisions
Guide de rédaction des decisions: Tribunal de la sécurité sociale du Canada Guide de rédaction des décisions : Tribunal de la sécurité sociale du Canada |
Guide to drafting reasons using plain language techniques and gender-neutral language. |
| Social Security Tribunal of Canada | Reasons review | Sets out the voluntary nature of review of decision-maker reasons by the tribunal’s legal services. Also encourages sharing of draft decisions among decision-makers, in accordance with the principles in Consolidated-Bathurst and Shuttleworth |
Policies relating to the public accountability of a tribunal for its practices and operations.
| Tribunal | Policy Link | Description |
| Tribunals Ontario | Public Consultation Policy | Sets out the process Tribunals Ontario will follow when consulting stakeholders on policies or practices of its constituent tribunals. |
Tribunal codes of conduct (including for representatives), complaints processes, social media policies etc.
| Tribunal | Policy Link | Description |
| Appeals Commission for Alberta Workers’ Compensation | Protocol for Determining Bias | Includes explanation of what bias is. Requires that an allegation of bias must first be put to the hearing panel, which will consider and decide the issue. |
| BC Employment and Assistance Appeal Tribunal | Member Code of Conduct | The Code covers the role and responsibilities of Tribunal members to the Tribunal, to the public trust, and to the parties when hearing appeals |
| Civil Resolution Tribunal (British Columbia) | Code of Conduct for CRT Parties, Representatives and Helpers | Sets standards of behavior expected of participants in the tribunal’s process. Includes detailed list of steps the tribunal may use in a proceeding to uphold these standards. |
| Condominium Authority Tribunal (Ontario)
Tribunal de l’autorité du secteur des condominiums (Ontario) |
Ethical Framework | Tribunal uses plain language to address the range of ethical issues in a single, comprehensive framework. The framework includes a code of conduct; conflict of interest policy; access and privacy policy; and public complaints policy. |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Code of conduct
Procedures for Making a Complaint about a Member Code de déontologie des commissaires de la CISR |
Detailed complaints process, includes annual public reporting on complaints and their disposition. |
| Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada |
Allegations Against Former Counsel | Practice notice that sets out process to be followed where a party is alleging that their former representative acted negligently, incompetently or improperly in a prior proceeding. |
| Régie des alcools, des courses et des jeux | Code d’éthique et de déontologie des régisseurs de la régie des alcools, des courses, et des jeux | Le présent code est destiné à préserver et à renforcer le lien de confiance des administrés à l’égard des régisseurs de la Régie des alcools, des courses et des jeux |
| Régie des marchés agricoles et alimentaires | Politique de traitement des plaintes | Politiques sur la réception et le traitement d’une plainte. |
| Social Security Tribunal of Canada | Code of Conduct | Sets out ethical obligations of decision-makers and public complaints process in plain language |
| Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada | Complaints Protocol | Process for making a complaint regarding the conduct of a member. Includes annual publication of a summary of how complaints were dealt with. |
| Tribunal administratif du logement | Code de déontologie | Code de déontologie en langage clair |
| Tribunals Ontario | Code of Conduct | Code of conduct including explanation of the purpose of the Code, the principles of conduct. |
| Tribunals Ontario | Public Complaints Policy | Policy explaining how to make a complaint, and how those complaints are processed |
| Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal (Ontario)
Tribunal d’appel de la sécurité professionnelle et de l’assurance contre les accidents du travail (Ontario) |
WSIAT Code of Conduct for Representatives | Sets standards of conduct for representatives before the tribunal, including remedies where standards are not met. |
Policies relating to anonymizing reasons, public vs. private proceedings etc.
| Tribunal | Policy Link | Description |
| Appeals Commission for Alberta Workers’ Compensation | Digital Information and Appeals | Practice direction explaining what formats of materials are allowed, how digital media is verified, how to make digital presentations at hearings, and how digital information is shared. |
| British Columbia Community Care and Assisted Living Appeal Board | Decision Publication Policy | While it does not directly discuss OCP, the policy explains the public nature of the Board’s hearings and specifies what information will be included/excluded from decisions. |
| Property Assessment Appeal Board of BC | Guidelines for Media and Video Conferencing | These guidelines set out the openness of Board proceedings, and specify how media/those seeking to video record proceedings must act. |
| Tribunals Ontario Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario |
Access to Records Policy | Policy of Tribunals Ontario in applying the open court principle and Ontario`s Tribunal Adjudicative Records Act |
| Criminal Injuries Compensation Board (Tribunals Ontario)
Commission d’indemnisation des victimes d’actes criminels (Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario) |
Practice Direction on Public Access to Hearings | Policy in a sensitive context, where privacy interests have to be reconciled with the open court principle. |
| Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (Tribunals Ontario)
Tribunal des droits de la personne de l’Ontario (Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario) |
Practice Direction on Anonymization of HRTO Decisions
Directive de pratique sur l’anonymisation des décisions du TDPO |
Policy in a sensitive context, where privacy interests have to be reconciled with the open court principle. |
| Landlord and Tenant Board (Tribunals Ontario)
Commission de la location immobilière (Tribunaux décisionnels Ontario) |
Guideline 18: Restricting Public Access to In-Person and Electronic Hearings | Sets out factors that the tribunal may consider in restricting access (these may not reflect the current state of the law on the open court principle). |
| Social Security Tribunal of Canada | Open justice and privacy | Sets out measures the tribunal will take to protect individual privacy, while respecting the open court principle. |
| Tribunal administratif du Travail | Politique du Tribunal administratif du travail en matière de relations avec les médias | Sets out how the tribunal approaches relations with the media. |